Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are an example of ‘adult’ Stem Cells. They are ‘multipotent’, meaning that they can differentiate into many different types of cells and tissues.

They are considered safe and are currently seen as a useful therapeutic source for many pathological disorders. The restorative, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory qualities of stem cells are a core bio-factor in regeneration of skin, muscle, cartilage and bone.

An increase in systemic inflammation – ‘inflamm-ageing’ – is thought to illustrate a fundamental aspect of the ageing process. lnflamm-ageing describes pro-inflammatory processes that promote ageing High levels of circulating pro-inflammatory mediators (cytokines), even in ‘healthy’ individuals are independent predictors of mortality. High levels of these cytokines correlate with reduced muscle mass and strength, impaired cardiovascular, pulmonary and neurologic, and a weaker immune system.

It is known that MSCs reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-(alpha). IL6, Ill and CRP. These effects are produced in response to either secretions of a wide array of individual factors, such as growth factors and cytokines, or via exosomes, small extracellular vesicles that contain peptides, proteins and micro-RNAs. These factors secreted by MSCs produce an immunomodulatory effect.